![]() The vestibular and auditory part of the vertebrate inner ear, as well as the lateral line sensory organ of aquatic vertebrates harbor hair cells immersed in electrogenically-maintained fluid microenvironments essential for sensory transduction. Nm ionocytes provide an experimentally accessible in vivo system to study cell invasion and migration, as well as the physiological adaptation of vertebrate organs to changing environmental conditions. Our discovery of Nm ionocytes challenges the notion of an entirely placodally-derived lateral line and identifies Nm ionocytes as likely regulators of HC function possibly by modulating the ionic microenvironment. This invasion is adaptive as it is triggered by environmental fluctuations. Using lineage labeling, in vivo time lapse imaging and scRNA-seq, we discovered highly motile skin-derived cells that invade mature mechanosensory organs of the zebrafish lateral line and differentiate into Neuromast-associated (Nm) ionocytes. In contrast, fish lateral line HCs are exposed to the fluctuating ionic composition of the aqueous environment. ![]() Actively-maintained ionic homeostasis of the mammalian inner ear endolymph is essential for HC function. Mammalian inner ear and fish lateral line sensory hair cells (HCs) detect fluid motion to transduce environmental signals.
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